@article{pei_brainkilter_2020,
	title = {{BrainKilter}: {A} {Real}-{Time} {EEG} {Analysis} {Platform} for {Neurofeedback} {Design} and {Training}},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {2169-3536},
	shorttitle = {{BrainKilter}},
	doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2967903},
	abstract = {Neurofeedback targets self-regularized brain activity to normalized brain function based on brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. Although BCI software or platforms have continued to mature in other fields, little effort has been expended on neurofeedback applications. Hence, we present BrainKilter, a real-time electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis platform based on a “4-tier layered model”. The purposes of BrainKilter are to improve portability and accessibility, allowing different users to choose various options to perform EEG processing, target stimulation-induction through a pipeline, and analyze data online, essentially, to design a protocol paradigm and applicable BCI technology for neurofeedback experiments. The data processing effectiveness and application value of BrainKilter were tested using multiple-parameter neurofeedback training, in which BrainKilter regulated the amplitude of mismatch negative (MMN) signals for healthy individuals. The proposed platform consists of a set of software modules for online protocol design and signal decoding that can be conveniently and efficiently integrated for neurofeedback design and training. The BrainKilter platform provides a truly easy-to-use environment for customizing the experimental paradigm and for optimizing the parameters of neurofeedback experiments for research and clinical neurofeedback applications using BCI technology.},
	journal = {IEEE Access},
	author = {Pei, Guangying and Guo, Guoxin and Chen, Duanduan and Yang, Ruoshui and Shi, Zhongyan and Wang, Shujie and Zhang, Jinpu and Wu, Jinglong and Yan, Tianyi},
	year = {2020},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000002 
Conference Name: IEEE Access},
	keywords = {4-tier layered model, BCI, BCI software, BCI technology, BrainKilter, BrainKilter platform, Data processing, EEG processing, Electroencephalography, MMN, Neurofeedback, Protocols, Real-time systems, Software, Training, brain-computer interface technology, brain-computer interfaces, clinical neurofeedback applications, data processing effectiveness, electroencephalography, medical signal processing, mismatch negative signals, multiple-parameter neurofeedback training, neurofeedback, neurofeedback design, neurofeedback experiments, neurophysiology, normalized brain function, online protocol design, platform, real-time, real-time EEG analysis platform, real-time electroencephalogram analysis platform, self-regularized brain activity, signal decoding, software modules, target stimulation-induction},
	pages = {57661--57673},
}

@article{ros_consensus_2020,
	title = {Consensus on the reporting and experimental design of clinical and cognitive-behavioural neurofeedback studies ({CRED}-nf checklist)},
	volume = {143},
	issn = {0006-8950, 1460-2156},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/143/6/1674/5807912},
	doi = {10.1093/brain/awaa009},
	abstract = {Abstract
            Neurofeedback has begun to attract the attention and scrutiny of the scientific and medical mainstream. Here, neurofeedback researchers present a consensus-derived checklist that aims to improve the reporting and experimental design standards in the field.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2020-10-06},
	journal = {Brain},
	author = {Ros, Tomas and Enriquez-Geppert, Stefanie and Zotev, Vadim and Young, Kymberly D and Wood, Guilherme and Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan and Wan, Feng and Vuilleumier, Patrik and Vialatte, François and Van De Ville, Dimitri and Todder, Doron and Surmeli, Tanju and Sulzer, James S and Strehl, Ute and Sterman, Maurice Barry and Steiner, Naomi J and Sorger, Bettina and Soekadar, Surjo R and Sitaram, Ranganatha and Sherlin, Leslie H and Schönenberg, Michael and Scharnowski, Frank and Schabus, Manuel and Rubia, Katya and Rosa, Agostinho and Reiner, Miriam and Pineda, Jaime A and Paret, Christian and Ossadtchi, Alexei and Nicholson, Andrew A and Nan, Wenya and Minguez, Javier and Micoulaud-Franchi, Jean-Arthur and Mehler, David M A and Lührs, Michael and Lubar, Joel and Lotte, Fabien and Linden, David E J and Lewis-Peacock, Jarrod A and Lebedev, Mikhail A and Lanius, Ruth A and Kübler, Andrea and Kranczioch, Cornelia and Koush, Yury and Konicar, Lilian and Kohl, Simon H and Kober, Silivia E and Klados, Manousos A and Jeunet, Camille and Janssen, T W P and Huster, Rene J and Hoedlmoser, Kerstin and Hirshberg, Laurence M and Heunis, Stephan and Hendler, Talma and Hampson, Michelle and Guggisberg, Adrian G and Guggenberger, Robert and Gruzelier, John H and Göbel, Rainer W and Gninenko, Nicolas and Gharabaghi, Alireza and Frewen, Paul and Fovet, Thomas and Fernández, Thalía and Escolano, Carlos and Ehlis, Ann-Christine and Drechsler, Renate and Christopher deCharms, R and Debener, Stefan and De Ridder, Dirk and Davelaar, Eddy J and Congedo, Marco and Cavazza, Marc and Breteler, Marinus H M and Brandeis, Daniel and Bodurka, Jerzy and Birbaumer, Niels and Bazanova, Olga M and Barth, Beatrix and Bamidis, Panagiotis D and Auer, Tibor and Arns, Martijn and Thibault, Robert T},
	month = jun,
	year = {2020},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0]},
	pages = {1674--1685},
}

@article{okano_real-time_2020,
	title = {Real-time {fMRI} feedback impacts brain activation, results in auditory hallucinations reduction: {Part} 1: {Superior} temporal gyrus -{Preliminary} evidence},
	volume = {286},
	issn = {1872-7123},
	shorttitle = {Real-time {fMRI} feedback impacts brain activation, results in auditory hallucinations reduction},
	doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112862},
	abstract = {Auditory hallucinations (AH) are one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) and constitute a significant source of suffering and disability. One third of SZ patients experience pharmacology-resistant AH, so an alternative/complementary treatment strategy is needed to alleviate this debilitating condition. In this study, real-time functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging neurofeedback (rt-fMRI NFB), a non-invasive technique, was used to teach 10 SZ patients with pharmacology-resistant AH to modulate their brain activity in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), a key area in the neurophysiology of AH. A functional task was designed in order to provide patients with a specific strategy to help them modify their brain activity in the desired direction. Specifically, they received neurofeedback from their own STG and were trained to upregulate it while listening to their own voice recording and downregulate it while ignoring a stranger's voice recording. This guided performance neurofeedback training resulted in a) a significant reduction in STG activation while ignoring a stranger's voice, and b) reductions in AH scores after the neurofeedback session. A single, 21-minute session of rt-fMRI NFB was enough to produce these effects, suggesting that this approach may be an efficient and clinically viable alternative for the treatment of pharmacology-resistant AH.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Psychiatry Research},
	author = {Okano, Kana and Bauer, Clemens C. C. and Ghosh, Satrajit S. and Lee, Yoon Ji and Melero, Helena and de Los Angeles, Carlo and Nestor, Paul G. and Del Re, Elisabetta C. and Northoff, Georg and Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan and Niznikiewicz, Margaret A.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2020},
	pmid = {32113035},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0] },
	pages = {112862},
}

@article{zelmann_closes_2020,
	title = {{CLoSES}: {A} platform for closed-loop intracranial stimulation in humans},
	volume = {223},
	issn = {1053-8119},
	shorttitle = {{CLoSES}},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811920308004},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117314},
	abstract = {Targeted interrogation of brain networks through invasive brain stimulation has become an increasingly important research tool as well as therapeutic modality. The majority of work with this emerging capability has been focused on open-loop approaches. Closed-loop techniques, however, could improve neuromodulatory therapies and research investigations by optimizing stimulation approaches using neurally informed, personalized targets. Implementing closed-loop systems is challenging particularly with regard to applying consistent strategies considering inter-individual variability. In particular, during intracranial epilepsy monitoring, where much of this research is currently progressing, electrodes are implanted exclusively for clinical reasons. Thus, detection and stimulation sites must be participant- and task-specific. The system must run in parallel with clinical systems, integrate seamlessly with existing setups, and ensure safety features are in place. In other words, a robust, yet flexible platform is required to perform different tests with a single participant and to comply with clinical requirements. In order to investigate closed-loop stimulation for research and therapeutic use, we developed a Closed-Loop System for Electrical Stimulation (CLoSES) that computes neural features which are then used in a decision algorithm to trigger stimulation in near real-time. To summarize CLoSES, intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) signals are acquired, band-pass filtered, and local and network features are continuously computed. If target features are detected (e.g. above a preset threshold for a certain duration), stimulation is triggered. Not only could the system trigger stimulation while detecting real-time neural features, but we incorporated a pipeline wherein we used an encoder/decoder model to estimate a hidden cognitive state from the neural features. CLoSES provides a flexible platform to implement a variety of closed-loop experimental paradigms in humans. CLoSES has been successfully used with twelve patients implanted with depth electrodes in the epilepsy monitoring unit. During cognitive tasks (N=5), stimulation in closed loop modified a cognitive hidden state on a trial by trial basis. Sleep spindle oscillations (N=6) and sharp transient epileptic activity (N=9) were detected in near real-time, and stimulation was applied during the event or at specified delays (N=3). In addition, we measured the capabilities of the CLoSES system. Total latency was related to the characteristics of the event being detected, with tens of milliseconds for epileptic activity and hundreds of milliseconds for spindle detection. Stepwise latency, the actual duration of each continuous step, was within the specified fixed-step duration and increased linearly with the number of channels and features. We anticipate that probing neural dynamics and interaction between brain states and stimulation responses with CLoSES will lead to novel insights into the mechanism of normal and pathological brain activity, the discovery and evaluation of potential electrographic biomarkers of neurological and psychiatric disorders, and the development and testing of patient-specific stimulation targets and control signals before implanting a therapeutic device.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-09-28},
	journal = {NeuroImage},
	author = {Zelmann, Rina and Paulk, Angelique C. and Basu, Ishita and Sarma, Anish and Yousefi, Ali and Crocker, Britni and Eskandar, Emad and Williams, Ziv and Cosgrove, G. Rees and Weisholtz, Daniel S. and Dougherty, Darin D. and Truccolo, Wilson and Widge, Alik S. and Cash, Sydney S.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2020},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0]},
	keywords = {Closed-loop, Direct electrical stimulation, Neuromodulation, intracranial EEG},
	pages = {117314},
}

@article{guleken_investigation_2020,
	title = {Investigation of the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and neurofeedback by continuous performance test},
	volume = {716},
	issn = {0304-3940},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304394019307517},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134648},
	abstract = {Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique based on weak direct current stimulation through the scalp. Neurofeedback (NFB) is a learning strategy that may help alter to brain wave parameters, by monitoring electroencephalography (EEG) feedback via special programs. We aimed to investigate the supportive effects of tDCS in addition to NFB training. 16 healthy volunteers were divided equally into two groups. One of the groups was trained by NFB with the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) protocol; 2 days per week, 10 sessions of 30 min, the other group received 10 min of tDCS before each NFB sessions. Continuous Performance Test (CPT) was used to measure, response time and suppression and to determine selective attention condition. Also, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories were used to exclude people with depression and anxiety. Depression scores of NFB + tDCS group were decreased significantly. CPT scores were better at last sessions for both groups compared to the first sessions. Sessions were analyzed by comparing 1st, 2nd, 5th and 10th sessions. While the NFB + tDCS group had statistically significant changes at theta/beta ratios with SMR and alpha band amplitudes, NFB group statistics had changed at theta/SMR ratios. NFB training shows its effects at the end of 10 sessions. Despite an increase in the latencies of correct and commission responses on the task of CPT, additional use of tDCS improves cognitive performance. Also, tDCS has a supportive effect on the healthy participants who have mild anxiety and depression; also inhibition deficits of subjects were clear.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-08-18},
	journal = {Neuroscience Letters},
	author = {Guleken, Zozan and Eskikurt, Gökçer and Karamürsel, Sacit},
	month = jan,
	year = {2020},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000000},
	keywords = {Continuous performance test, Inhibition, Neurofeedback, Neuromodulation, Sensorimotor rhythm, Transcranial direct current stimulation},
	pages = {134648},
}

@article{ojeda_simbsi_2020,
	title = {{SimBSI}: {An} open-source {Simulink} library for developing closed-loop brain signal interfaces in animals and humans},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {2057-1976},
	shorttitle = {{SimBSI}},
	url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2057-1976/ab6e20},
	doi = {10.1088/2057-1976/ab6e20},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2020-07-17},
	journal = {Biomedical Physics \& Engineering Express},
	author = {Ojeda, Alejandro and Buscher, Nathalie and Balasubramani, Pragathi and Maric, Vojislav and Ramanathan, Dhakshin and Mishra, Jyoti},
	month = apr,
	year = {2020},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000001},
	pages = {035023},
}

@article{maric_respiratory_2020,
	title = {Respiratory regulation \& interactions with neuro-cognitive circuitry},
	volume = {112},
	issn = {01497634},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0149763419301599},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.001},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-07-17},
	journal = {Neuroscience \& Biobehavioral Reviews},
	author = {Maric, Vojislav and Ramanathan, Dhakshin and Mishra, Jyoti},
	month = may,
	year = {2020},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000001},
	pages = {95--106},
}

@incollection{lysen_interface_2019,
	address = {Cham},
	title = {The {Interface} {Is} the ({Art}){Work}: {EEG}-{Feedback}, {Circuited} {Selves} and the {Rise} of {Real}-{Time} {Brainmedia} (1964–1977)},
	isbn = {978-3-030-14323-7},
	shorttitle = {The {Interface} {Is} the ({Art}){Work}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14323-7_2},
	abstract = {This chapter examines the rise of EEG-feedback research in the period between 1964 and 1977, the time between the first EEG-feedback setup that gained public attention and the subsequent waning of the explosive enthusiasm for EEG-feedback in the late 1970s. Studying both artistic and scientific experiments of EEG-feedback during this period, the chapter traces the emergence of a new direction within this subdomain of EEG-research—beyond an interest in the meaning of measured brain wave states, towards the significance of the design of brain-feedback situations that perform and emphasize the relationality and mutability of brain activity. By examining research cultures and practices of EEG-feedback, the chapter traces conditions of possibility for a shifting epistemological commitment, revolving around the idea that ‘the interface is the work.’ Research cultures of EEG feedback were impacted by both artistic and scientific experiments with media environments and the idea of a ‘circuited self’. In turn, artists and researchers were actively engaged with the public manifestation of EEG-feedback in popular news reports and television broadcasts, which created a particular sphere of resonance for the emphasis on playful and spectacular demonstrations of circuits. When computing was introduced in EEG-feedback after 1970, it brought notions of ‘on-line’ and ‘real-time’ into the circuit. These developments were not only understood as technological advancement through faster feedback, but they also brought an emphasis on the social potential of computing: self-insight, augmenting the self and connecting with others. The chapter ends with a reflection on the resonance of histories of performance and design-oriented approaches in neuroscientific research today.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-10-06},
	booktitle = {Brain {Art}: {Brain}-{Computer} {Interfaces} for {Artistic} {Expression}},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	author = {Lysen, Flora},
	editor = {Nijholt, Anton},
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-14323-7_2},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0] },
	keywords = {Art-science interaction, Brainmedia, EEG-feedback, Interface, Real-time},
	pages = {33--63},
}

@article{coben_19_2019,
	title = {19 {Channel} {Z}-{Score} and {LORETA} {Neurofeedback}: {Does} the {Evidence} {Support} the {Hype}?},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {1573-3270},
	shorttitle = {19 {Channel} {Z}-{Score} and {LORETA} {Neurofeedback}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-018-9420-6},
	doi = {10.1007/s10484-018-9420-6},
	abstract = {Neurofeedback is a well-investigated treatment for ADHD and epilepsy, especially when restricted to standard protocols such as theta/beta, slow cortical potentials and sensori-motor rhythm neurofeedback. Advances in any field are welcome and other techniques are being pursued. Manufacturers and clinicians are marketing ‘superior’ neurofeedback approaches including 19 channel Z-score neurofeedback (ZNFB) and 3-D LORETA neurofeedback (with or without Z-scores; LNFB). We conducted a review of the empirical literature to determine if such claims were warranted. This review included the above search terms in Pubmed, Google scholar and any references that met our criteria from the ZNFB publication list and was restricted to group based studies examining improvement in a clinical population that underwent peer review (book chapters, magazine articles or conference presentations are not included since these are not peer reviewed). Fifteen relevant studies emerged with only six meeting our criterion. Based on review of these studies it was concluded that empirical validation of these approaches is sorely lacking. There is no empirical data that supports the notion that 19-channel z-score neurofeedback is effective or superior. The quality of studies for LNFB was better compared to ZNFB and some suggestion for efficacy was demonstrated for ADHD and Tinnitus distress. However, these findings need to be replicated, extended to other populations and have yet to show any “superiority.” Our conclusions continue to emphasize the pervasive lack of evidence supporting these approaches to neurofeedback and the implications of this are discussed.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2020-10-06},
	journal = {Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback},
	author = {Coben, Robert and Hammond, D. Corydon and Arns, Martijn},
	month = mar,
	year = {2019},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000010},
	pages = {1--8},
}

@article{khambhati_functional_2019,
	title = {Functional control of electrophysiological network architecture using direct neurostimulation in humans},
	volume = {3},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00089},
	doi = {10.1162/netn_a_00089},
	abstract = {Chronically implantable neurostimulation devices are becoming a clinically viable option for treating patients with neurological disease and psychiatric disorders. Neurostimulation offers the ability to probe and manipulate distributed networks of interacting brain areas in dysfunctional circuits. Here, we use tools from network control theory to examine the dynamic reconfiguration of functionally interacting neuronal ensembles during targeted neurostimulation of cortical and subcortical brain structures. By integrating multimodal intracranial recordings and diffusion-weighted imaging from patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, we test hypothesized structural and functional rules that predict altered patterns of synchronized local field potentials. We demonstrate the ability to predictably reconfigure functional interactions depending on stimulation strength and location. Stimulation of areas with structurally weak connections largely modulates the functional hubness of downstream areas and concurrently propels the brain towards more difficult-to-reach dynamical states. By using focal perturbations to bridge large-scale structure, function, and markers of behavior, our findings suggest that stimulation may be tuned to influence different scales of network interactions driving cognition.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2020-10-06},
	journal = {Network Neuroscience},
	author = {Khambhati, Ankit N. and Kahn, Ari E. and Costantini, Julia and Ezzyat, Youssef and Solomon, Ethan A. and Gross, Robert E. and Jobst, Barbara C. and Sheth, Sameer A. and Zaghloul, Kareem A. and Worrell, Gregory and Seger, Sarah and Lega, Bradley C. and Weiss, Shennan and Sperling, Michael R. and Gorniak, Richard and Das, Sandhitsu R. and Stein, Joel M. and Rizzuto, Daniel S. and Kahana, Michael J. and Lucas, Timothy H. and Davis, Kathryn A. and Tracy, Joseph I. and Bassett, Danielle S.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0] 
Publisher: MIT Press},
	pages = {848--877},
}

@article{widge_targeting_2019,
	title = {Targeting {Cognition} and {Networks} {Through} {Neural} {Oscillations}: {Next}-{Generation} {Clinical} {Brain} {Stimulation}},
	volume = {76},
	issn = {2168-622X},
	shorttitle = {Targeting {Cognition} and {Networks} {Through} {Neural} {Oscillations}},
	url = {http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0740},
	doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0740},
	language = {en},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2020-09-24},
	journal = {JAMA Psychiatry},
	author = {Widge, Alik S. and Miller, Earl K.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2019},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000006},
	pages = {671},
}

@article{kantrowitz_significant_2019,
	title = {Significant improvement in treatment resistant auditory verbal hallucinations after 5 days of double-blind, randomized, sham controlled, fronto-temporal, transcranial direct current stimulation ({tDCS}): {A} replication/extension study},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1935-861X},
	shorttitle = {Significant improvement in treatment resistant auditory verbal hallucinations after 5 days of double-blind, randomized, sham controlled, fronto-temporal, transcranial direct current stimulation ({tDCS})},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X19300828},
	doi = {10.1016/j.brs.2019.03.003},
	abstract = {Background
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potentially novel treatment for antipsychotic-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia. Nevertheless, results have been mixed across studies.
Methods
89 schizophrenia/schizoaffective subjects (active: 47; Sham: 42) were randomized to five days of twice-daily 20-min active tDCS vs. sham treatments across two recruitment sites. AVH severity was assessed using the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS) total score. To assess target engagement, MRI was obtained in a sub sample.
Results
We observed a statistically significant, moderate effect-size change in AHRS total score across one-week and one-month favoring active treatment following covariation for baseline symptoms and antipsychotic dose (p = 0.036; d = 0.48). Greatest change was observed on the AHRS loudness item (p = 0.003; d = 0.69). In exploratory analyses, greatest effects on AHRS were observed in patients with lower cognitive symptoms (d = 0.61). In target engagement analysis, suprathreshold mean field-strength ({\textgreater}0.2 V/m) was seen within language-sensitive regions. However, off-target field-strength, which correlated significantly with less robust clinical response, was observed in anterior regions.
Conclusions
This is the largest study of tDCS for persistent AVH conducted to date. We replicate previous reports of significant therapeutic benefit, but only if medication dosage is considered, with patients receiving lowest medication dosage showing greatest effect. Response was also greatest in patients with lowest levels of cognitive symptoms. Overall, these findings support continued development of tDCS for persistent AVH, but also suggest that response may be influenced by specific patient and treatment characteristics.
ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01898299.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2020-08-13},
	journal = {Brain Stimulation},
	author = {Kantrowitz, Joshua T. and Sehatpour, Pejman and Avissar, Michael and Horga, Guillermo and Gwak, Anna and Hoptman, Mathew J. and Beggel, Odeta and Girgis, Ragy R. and Vail, Blair and Silipo, Gail and Carlson, Marlene and Javitt, Daniel C.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2019},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0]},
	keywords = {Auditory hallucinations, Clinical trial, Schizophrenia, Target engagement, tDCS},
	pages = {981--991},
}

@article{teunisse_human_2019,
	title = {Human enhancement through the lens of experimental and speculative neurotechnologies},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {2578-1863},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6919332/},
	doi = {10.1002/hbe2.179},
	abstract = {Human enhancement deals with improving on and overcoming limitations of the human body and mind. Pharmaceutical compounds that alter consciousness and cognitive performance have been used and discussed for a long time. The prospect of neurotechnological applications such as brain‐steered devices or using invasive and noninvasive electromagnetic stimulations of the human brain, however, has received less attention—especially outside of therapeutic practices—and remains relatively unexplored. Reflection and debates about neurotechnology for human enhancement are limited and remain predominantly with neurotech engineers, science‐fiction enthusiasts and a small circle of academics in the field of neuroethics. It is well known, and described as the Collingridge dilemma, that at an early stage of development, changes can easily be enacted, but the need for changes can hardly be foreseen. Once the technology is entrenched, opportunities and risks start to materialize, and the need to adapt and change is clearly visible. However, carrying out these changes at such a late stage, in turn, becomes very difficult, tremendously expensive, and sometimes practically impossible. In this manuscript, we compile and categorize an overview of existing experimental and speculative applications of neurotechnologies, with the aim to find out, if these real or diegetic prototypes could be used to better understand the paths these applications are forging. In particular, we will investigate what kind of tools, motivations, and normative goals underpin experimental implementations by neurohackers, speculative designers and artists.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2020-06-01},
	journal = {Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies},
	author = {Teunisse, Wessel and Youssef, Sandra and Schmidt, Markus},
	month = oct,
	year = {2019},
	pmid = {31894206},
	pmcid = {PMC6919332},
	pages = {361--372},
}

@article{sitaram_closed-loop_2017,
	title = {Closed-loop brain training: the science of neurofeedback},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {1471-003X, 1471-0048},
	shorttitle = {Closed-loop brain training},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/nrn.2016.164},
	doi = {10.1038/nrn.2016.164},
	abstract = {Neurofeedback is a psychophysiological procedure in which online feedback of neural activation is provided to the participant for the purpose of self-regulation. Learning control over specific neural substrates has been shown to change specific behaviours. As a progenitor of brain–machine interfaces, neurofeedback has provided a novel way to investigate brain function and neuroplasticity. In this Review, we examine the mechanisms underlying neurofeedback, which have started to be uncovered. We also discuss how neurofeedback is being used in novel experimental and clinical paradigms from a multidisciplinary perspective, encompassing neuroscientific, neuroengineering and learning-science viewpoints.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-10-06},
	journal = {Nature Reviews Neuroscience},
	author = {Sitaram, Ranganatha and Ros, Tomas and Stoeckel, Luke and Haller, Sven and Scharnowski, Frank and Lewis-Peacock, Jarrod and Weiskopf, Nikolaus and Blefari, Maria Laura and Rana, Mohit and Oblak, Ethan and Birbaumer, Niels and Sulzer, James},
	month = feb,
	year = {2017},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000400},
	pages = {86--100},
}

@article{zhang_transcranial_2017,
	title = {Transcranial {Direct} {Current} {Stimulation} in {Patients} with {Prolonged} {Disorders} of {Consciousness}: {Combined} {Behavioral} and {Event}-{Related} {Potential} {Evidence}},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1664-2295},
	shorttitle = {Transcranial {Direct} {Current} {Stimulation} in {Patients} with {Prolonged} {Disorders} of {Consciousness}},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2017.00620/full},
	doi = {10.3389/fneur.2017.00620},
	abstract = {Background: The electrophysiological evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy of multiple transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) sessions on consciousness improvement in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOCs) has not been firmly established. Objectives: To assess the effects of repeated tDCS in patients with prolonged DOCs by Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) score and event-related potential (ERP). Method: Using a sham-controlled randomized double-blind design, twenty-six patients were randomly assigned to either a real (five vegetative state (VS) and eight minimally conscious state (MCS) patients) or sham (six VS and seven MCS patients) stimulation group. The patients in the real stimulation group underwent 20 anodal tDCS sessions of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) over 10 consecutive working days. The CRS-R score and P300 amplitude and latency in a hierarchical cognitive assessment were recorded to evaluate the consciousness level before tDCS and immediately after the 20 sessions. Results: The intra-group CRS-R analysis revealed a clinically significant improvement in the MCS patients in the real stimulation group. The inter-group CRS-R analysis showed a significant difference in CRS-R between VS and MCS patients at baseline in both the real and sham stimulation groups. The intra-group ERP analysis revealed a significant increase in P300 amplitude after tDCS in the MCS patients in the real stimulation group, but no significant differences in P300 latency. For the inter-group ERP analysis, we observed significant differences regarding the presence of P300 at baseline between the VS and MCS patients in both groups. Conclusion: The repeated anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC could produce clinically significant improvements in MCS patients. The observed tDCS-related consciousness improvements might be related to improvements in attention resource allocation (reflected by the P300 amplitude). The findings support the use of tDCS in clinical practice and ERP might serve as an efficient electrophysiological assessment tool in patients with DOCs.},
	language = {English},
	urldate = {2020-08-18},
	journal = {Frontiers in Neurology},
	author = {Zhang, Ye and Song, Weiqun and Du, Jubao and Huo, Su and Shan, Guixiang and Li, Ran},
	year = {2017},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000017 
Publisher: Frontiers},
	keywords = {Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, Event-related potentials, P300, disorders of consciousness, transcranial direct current stimulation},
}

@article{giordano_mechanisms_2017,
	title = {Mechanisms and {Effects} of {Transcranial} {Direct} {Current} {Stimulation}},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {1559-3258},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1559325816685467},
	doi = {10.1177/1559325816685467},
	abstract = {The US Air Force Office of Scientific Research convened a meeting of researchers in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, engineering, and medicine to discuss most pressing issues facing ongoing research in the field of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and related techniques. In this study, we present opinions prepared by participants of the meeting, focusing on the most promising areas of research, immediate and future goals for the field, and the potential for hormesis theory to inform tDCS research. Scientific, medical, and ethical considerations support the ongoing testing of tDCS in healthy and clinical populations, provided best protocols are used to maximize safety. Notwithstanding the need for ongoing research, promising applications include enhancing vigilance/attention in healthy volunteers, which can accelerate training and support learning. Commonly, tDCS is used as an adjunct to training/rehabilitation tasks with the goal of leftward shift in the learning/treatment effect curves. Although trials are encouraging, elucidating the basic mechanisms of tDCS will accelerate validation and adoption. To this end, biomarkers (eg, clinical neuroimaging and findings from animal models) can support hypotheses linking neurobiological mechanisms and behavioral effects. Dosage can be optimized using computational models of current flow and understanding dose?response. Both biomarkers and dosimetry should guide individualized interventions with the goal of reducing variability. Insights from other applied energy domains, including ionizing radiation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and low-level laser (light) therapy, can be prudently leveraged.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2020-08-11},
	journal = {Dose-Response},
	author = {Giordano, James and Bikson, Marom and Kappenman, Emily S. and Clark, Vincent P. and Coslett, H. Branch and Hamblin, Michael R. and Hamilton, Roy and Jankord, Ryan and Kozumbo, Walter J. and McKinley, R. Andrew and Nitsche, Michael A. and Reilly, J. Patrick and Richardson, Jessica and Wurzman, Rachel and Calabrese, Edward},
	month = mar,
	year = {2017},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0] 
Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},
	pages = {1559325816685467},
}

@article{gaume_psychoengineering_2016,
	title = {A psychoengineering paradigm for the neurocognitive mechanisms of biofeedback and neurofeedback},
	volume = {68},
	issn = {01497634},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0149763416300902},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.012},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-10-06},
	journal = {Neuroscience \& Biobehavioral Reviews},
	author = {Gaume, A. and Vialatte, A. and Mora-Sánchez, A. and Ramdani, C. and Vialatte, F.B.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0]},
	pages = {891--910},
}

@book{kramer_case_2016,
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
	series = {Computational neuroscience series},
	title = {Case studies in neural data analysis: a guide for the practicing neuroscientist},
	isbn = {978-0-262-52937-2},
	shorttitle = {Case studies in neural data analysis},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {The MIT Press},
	author = {Kramer, Mark A. and Eden, Uri T.},
	year = {2016},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0]},
	keywords = {Neural analyzers, Neuropsychological tests},
}

@article{mondino_effects_2016,
	title = {Effects of {Fronto}-{Temporal} {Transcranial} {Direct} {Current} {Stimulation} on {Auditory} {Verbal} {Hallucinations} and {Resting}-{State} {Functional} {Connectivity} of the {Left} {Temporo}-{Parietal} {Junction} in {Patients} {With} {Schizophrenia}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {0586-7614},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article/42/2/318/2518927},
	doi = {10.1093/schbul/sbv114},
	abstract = {Abstract.  Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in patients with schizophrenia are associated with abnormal hyperactivity in the left temporo-parietal junction},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-08-11},
	journal = {Schizophrenia Bulletin},
	author = {Mondino, Marine and Jardri, Renaud and Suaud-Chagny, Marie-Françoise and Saoud, Mohamed and Poulet, Emmanuel and Brunelin, Jérôme},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0] 
Publisher: Oxford Academic},
	pages = {318--326},
}

@article{de_villers-sidani_neuroplastic_2016,
	title = {Neuroplastic {Mechanisms} {Underlying} {Perceptual} and {Cognitive} {Enhancement}},
	volume = {2016},
	issn = {2090-5904, 1687-5443},
	url = {http://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2016/6238571/},
	doi = {10.1155/2016/6238571},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-07-17},
	journal = {Neural Plasticity},
	author = {de Villers-Sidani, Etienne and Mishra, Jyoti and Zhou, Xiaoming and Voss, Patrice},
	year = {2016},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000000},
	pages = {1--2},
}

@article{agapov_review_2016,
	title = {Review of analytical instruments for {EEG} analysis},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1605.01381},
	abstract = {Since it was first used in 1926, EEG has been one of the most useful instruments of neuroscience. In order to start using EEG data we need not only EEG apparatus, but also some analytical tools and skills to understand what our data mean. This article describes several classical analytical tools and also new one which appeared only several years ago. We hope it will be useful for those researchers who have only started working in the field of cognitive EEG.},
	urldate = {2020-06-05},
	journal = {arXiv:1605.01381 [q-bio]},
	author = {Agapov, S. N. and Bulanov, V. A. and Zakharov, A. V. and Sergeeva, M. S.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000001 
arXiv: 1605.01381},
	keywords = {Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition},
}

@article{cole_efficacy_2015,
	title = {Efficacy of {Transcranial} {Magnetic} {Stimulation} ({TMS}) in the {Treatment} of {Schizophrenia}: {A} {Review} of the {Literature} to {Date}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {2158-8333},
	shorttitle = {Efficacy of {Transcranial} {Magnetic} {Stimulation} ({TMS}) in the {Treatment} of {Schizophrenia}},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4558786/},
	abstract = {We reviewed the literature on transcranial magnetic stimulation and its uses and efficacy in schizophrenia. Multiple sources were examined on transcranial magnetic stimulation efficacy in relieving positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Literature review was conducted via Ovid Medline and PubMed databases. We found multiple published studies and metaanalyses that give evidence that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can have benefit in relieving positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly auditory hallucinations. These findings should encourage the psychiatric community to expand research into other applications for which transcranial magnetic stimulation may be used to treat patients with psychiatric disability.},
	number = {7-8},
	urldate = {2021-04-10},
	journal = {Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience},
	author = {Cole, Jonathan C. and Green Bernacki, Carolyn and Helmer, Amanda and Pinninti, Narsimha and O’reardon, John P.},
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {26351619},
	pmcid = {PMC4558786},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0] },
	pages = {12--19},
}

@article{santarnecchi_enhancing_2015,
	title = {Enhancing cognition using transcranial electrical stimulation},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {23521546},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352154615000819},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.06.003},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-11-11},
	journal = {Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences},
	author = {Santarnecchi, Emiliano and Brem, Anna-Katharine and Levenbaum, Erica and Thompson, Todd and Kadosh, Roi Cohen and Pascual-Leone, Alvaro},
	month = aug,
	year = {2015},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000101},
	pages = {171--178},
}

@article{clark_neuroenhancement_2014,
	series = {Neuro-enhancement},
	title = {Neuroenhancement: {Enhancing} brain and mind in health and in disease},
	volume = {85},
	issn = {1053-8119},
	shorttitle = {Neuroenhancement},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009385},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.071},
	abstract = {Humans have long used cognitive enhancement methods to expand the proficiency and range of the various mental activities that they engage in, including writing to store and retrieve information, and computers that allow them to perform myriad activities that are now commonplace in the internet age. Neuroenhancement describes the use of neuroscience-based techniques for enhancing cognitive function by acting directly on the human brain and nervous system, altering its properties to increase performance. Cognitive neuroscience has now reached the point where it may begin to put theory derived from years of experimentation into practice. This special issue includes 16 articles that employ or examine a variety of neuroenhancement methods currently being developed to increase cognition in healthy people and in patients with neurological or psychiatric illness. This includes transcranial electromagnetic stimulation methods, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), along with deep brain stimulation, neurofeedback, behavioral training techniques, and these and other techniques in conjunction with neuroimaging. These methods can be used to improve attention, perception, memory and other forms of cognition in healthy individuals, leading to better performance in many aspects of everyday life. They may also reduce the cost, duration and overall impact of brain and mental illness in patients with neurological and psychiatric illness. Potential disadvantages of these techniques are also discussed. Given that the benefits of neuroenhancement outweigh the potential costs, these methods could potentially reduce suffering and improve quality of life for everyone, while further increasing our knowledge about the mechanisms of human cognition.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-10-24},
	journal = {NeuroImage},
	author = {Clark, Vincent P. and Parasuraman, Raja},
	month = jan,
	year = {2014},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000102},
	pages = {889--894},
}

@article{pahor_effects_2014,
	title = {The effects of theta transcranial alternating current stimulation ({tACS}) on fluid intelligence},
	volume = {93},
	issn = {0167-8760},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167876014001664},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.015},
	abstract = {The objective of the study was to explore the influence of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on resting brain activity and on measures of fluid intelligence. Theta tACS was applied to the left parietal and left frontal brain areas of healthy participants after which resting electroencephalogram (EEG) data was recorded. Following sham/active stimulation, the participants solved two tests of fluid intelligence while their EEG was recorded. The results showed that active theta tACS affected spectral power in theta and alpha frequency bands. In addition, active theta tACS improved performance on tests of fluid intelligence. This influence was more pronounced in the group of participants that received stimulation to the left parietal area than in the group of participants that received stimulation to the left frontal area. Left parietal tACS increased performance on the difficult test items of both tests (RAPM and PF\&C) whereas left frontal tACS increased performance only on the easy test items of one test (RAPM). The observed behavioral tACS influences were also accompanied by changes in neuroelectric activity. The behavioral and neuroelectric data tentatively support the P-FIT neurobiological model of intelligence.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2020-10-06},
	journal = {International Journal of Psychophysiology},
	author = {Pahor, Anja and Jaušovec, Norbert},
	month = sep,
	year = {2014},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000063},
	keywords = {EEG, ERD/ERS, Fluid intelligence, Theta frequency, tACS},
	pages = {322--331},
}

@article{brem_is_2014,
	title = {Is neuroenhancement by noninvasive brain stimulation a net zero-sum proposition?},
	volume = {85},
	issn = {10538119},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811913007945},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.038},
	abstract = {In the past several years, the number of studies investigating enhancement of cognitive functions through noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS) has increased considerably. NBS techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial current stimulation, seem capable of enhancing cognitive functions in patients and in healthy humans, particularly when combined with other interventions, including pharmacologic, behavioral and cognitive therapies. The “net zero-sum model”, based on the assumption that brain resources are subjected to the physical principle of conservation of energy, is one of the theoretical frameworks proposed to account for such enhancement of function and its potential cost. We argue that to guide future neuroenhancement studies, the net-zero sum concept is helpful, but only if its limits are tightly defined.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-07-02},
	journal = {NeuroImage},
	author = {Brem, Anna-Katharine and Fried, Peter J. and Horvath, Jared C. and Robertson, Edwin M. and Pascual-Leone, Alvaro},
	month = jan,
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1058--1068},
}

@article{cohen_five_2014,
	title = {Five methodological challenges in cognitive electrophysiology},
	volume = {85},
	issn = {10538119},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811913008641},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.010},
	abstract = {Here we discuss five methodological challenges facing the current cognitive electrophysiology literature that address the roles of brain oscillations in cognition. The challenges focus on (1) unambiguous and consistent terminology, (2) neurophysiologically meaningful interpretations of results, (3) evaluation and comparison of different spatial filters often used in M/EEG research, (4) the role of multiscale interactions in brain and cognitive function, and (5) development of biophysically plausible cognitive models. We also suggest research directions that will help address these challenges. We hope that this paper will help foster discussions and debates about important themes in the study of how the brain's rhythmic patterns of spatiotemporal electrophysiological activity support cognition.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-06-05},
	journal = {NeuroImage},
	author = {Cohen, Michael X and Gulbinaite, Rasa},
	month = jan,
	year = {2014},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000036},
	pages = {702--710},
}

@article{dasilva_electrode_2011,
	title = {Electrode {Positioning} and {Montage} in {Transcranial} {Direct} {Current} {Stimulation}},
	issn = {1940-087X},
	url = {http://www.jove.com/index/Details.stp?ID=2744},
	doi = {10.3791/2744},
	abstract = {Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that has been intensively investigated in the past decade as this method offers a non-invasive and safe alternative to change cortical excitability2. The effects of one session of tDCS can last for several minutes, and its effects depend on polarity of stimulation, such as that cathodal stimulation induces a decrease in cortical excitability, and anodal stimulation induces an increase in cortical excitability that may last beyond the duration of stimulation6. These effects have been explored in cognitive neuroscience and also clinically in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders – especially when applied over several consecutive sessions4. One area that has been attracting attention of neuroscientists and clinicians is the use of tDCS for modulation of pain-related neural networks3,5. Modulation of two main cortical areas in pain research has been explored: primary motor cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex7. Due to the critical role of electrode montage, in this article, we show different alternatives for electrode placement for tDCS clinical trials on pain; discussing advantages and disadvantages of each method of stimulation.},
	language = {en},
	number = {51},
	urldate = {2020-06-04},
	journal = {Journal of Visualized Experiments},
	author = {DaSilva, Alexandre F. and Volz, Magdalena Sarah and Bikson, Marom and Fregni, Felipe},
	month = may,
	year = {2011},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000287},
	pages = {2744},
}

@article{gruzelier_theory_2009,
	title = {A theory of alpha/theta neurofeedback, creative performance enhancement, long distance functional connectivity and psychological integration},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1612-4782, 1612-4790},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10339-008-0248-5},
	doi = {10.1007/s10339-008-0248-5},
	language = {en},
	number = {S1},
	urldate = {2020-10-04},
	journal = {Cognitive Processing},
	author = {Gruzelier, John},
	month = feb,
	year = {2009},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000257},
	pages = {101--109},
}

@book{buzsaki_rhythms_2006,
	title = {Rhythms of the {Brain}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-530106-9},
	url = {http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301069.001.0001/acprof-9780195301069},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-06-05},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Buzsáki, György},
	month = oct,
	year = {2006},
	doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301069.001.0001},
	doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301069.001.0001},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000060 },
}

@book{demos_getting_2005,
	address = {New York},
	edition = {1st ed},
	title = {Getting started with neurofeedback},
	isbn = {978-0-393-70450-1},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {W.W. Norton},
	author = {Demos, John N.},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000479},
	keywords = {Biofeedback training, Neurofeedback},
}

@article{chambers_simulated_2004,
	title = {Simulated {Apoptosis}/{Neurogenesis} {Regulates} {Learning} and {Memory} {Capabilities} of {Adaptive} {Neural} {Networks}},
	volume = {29},
	copyright = {2004 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
	issn = {1740-634X},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/1300358},
	doi = {10.1038/sj.npp.1300358},
	abstract = {Characterization of neuronal death and neurogenesis in the adult brain of birds, humans, and other mammals raises the possibility that neuronal turnover represents a special form of neuroplasticity associated with stress responses, cognition, and the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Multilayer neural network models capable of learning alphabetic character representations via incremental synaptic connection strength changes were used to assess additional learning and memory effects incurred by simulation of coordinated apoptotic and neurogenic events in the middle layer. Using a consistent incremental learning capability across all neurons and experimental conditions, increasing the number of middle layer neurons undergoing turnover increased network learning capacity for new information, and increased forgetting of old information. Simulations also showed that specific patterns of neural turnover based on individual neuronal connection characteristics, or the temporal-spatial pattern of neurons chosen for turnover during new learning impacts new learning performance. These simulations predict that apoptotic and neurogenic events could act together to produce specific learning and memory effects beyond those provided by ongoing mechanisms of connection plasticity in neuronal populations. Regulation of rates as well as patterns of neuronal turnover may serve an important function in tuning the informatic properties of plastic networks according to novel informational demands. Analogous regulation in the hippocampus may provide for adaptive cognitive and emotional responses to novel and stressful contexts, or operate suboptimally as a basis for psychiatric disorders. The implications of these elementary simulations for future biological and neural modeling research on apoptosis and neurogenesis are discussed.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2020-08-12},
	journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
	author = {Chambers, R. Andrew and Potenza, Marc N. and Hoffman, Ralph E. and Miranker, Willard},
	month = apr,
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000170 
Number: 4
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	pages = {747--758},
}

@misc{noauthor_adverse_nodate,
	title = {{ADVERSE} {REACTIONS} {AND} {POTENTIAL} {IATROGENIC} {EFFECTS} {IN} {NEUROFEEDBACK} {TRAINING}: {Journal} of {Neurotherapy}: {Vol} 4, {No} 4},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J184v04n04_09?journalCode=wneu20},
	urldate = {2020-10-06},
}

@misc{noauthor_brain_nodate,
	title = {The {BRAIN} {Initiative} and {Neuroethics}: {Enabling} and {Enhancing} {Neuroscience} {Advances} for {Society}: {AJOB} {Neuroscience}: {Vol} 11, {No} 3},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21507740.2020.1778121},
	urldate = {2020-10-04},
}

@misc{noauthor_professional_nodate,
	title = {Professional {Neurofeedback} {Training} \& {Education}},
	url = {http://www.eeginfo.com/courses/},
	urldate = {2020-10-03},
}

@misc{noauthor_quantitative_nodate,
	title = {Quantitative {EEG} and normative databases},
	url = {https://www.biofeedback-tech.com/articles/2017/9/19/quantitative-eeg-and-databases-meg5l},
	abstract = {Electroencephalography (EEG) reflecting the ebb and flow of electrical energy from the brain has been in and out of fashion over the years.\  It's complexity has meant that increasing interest has usually coincided with advances in hardware and software for processing it.\  So called},
	language = {en-GB},
	urldate = {2020-09-02},
	journal = {Anatomical Concepts},
}

@article{smigielski_p300-mediated_nodate,
	title = {P300-mediated modulations in self–other processing under psychedelic psilocybin are related to connectedness and changed meaning: {A} window into the self–other overlap},
	volume = {n/a},
	issn = {1097-0193},
	shorttitle = {P300-mediated modulations in self–other processing under psychedelic psilocybin are related to connectedness and changed meaning},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hbm.25174},
	doi = {10.1002/hbm.25174},
	abstract = {The concept of self and self-referential processing has a growing explanatory value in psychiatry and neuroscience, referring to the cognitive organization and perceptual differentiation of self-stimuli in health and disease. Conditions in which selfhood loses its natural coherence offer a unique opportunity for elucidating the mechanisms underlying self-disturbances. We assessed the psychoactive effects of psilocybin (230 μg/kg p.o.), a preferential 5-HT1A/2A agonist known to induce shifts in self-perception. Our placebo-controlled, double-blind, within-subject crossover experiment (n = 17) implemented a verbal self-monitoring task involving vocalizations and participant identification of real-time auditory source- (self/other) and pitch-modulating feedback. Subjective experience and task performance were analyzed, with time-point-by-time-point assumption-free multivariate randomization statistics applied to the spatiotemporal dynamics of event-related potentials. Psilocybin-modulated self-experience, interacted with source to affect task accuracy, and altered the late phase of self-stimuli encoding by abolishing the distinctiveness of self- and other-related electric field configurations during the P300 timeframe. This last effect was driven by current source density changes within the supragenual anterior cingulate and right insular cortex. The extent of the P300 effect was associated with the intensity of psilocybin-induced feelings of unity and changed meaning of percepts. Modulations of late encoding and their underlying neural generators in self-referential processing networks via 5-HT signaling may be key for understanding self-disorders. This mechanism may reflect a neural instantiation of altered self–other and relational meaning processing in a stimulus-locked time domain. The study elucidates the neuropharmacological foundation of subjectivity, with implications for therapy, underscoring the concept of connectedness.},
	language = {en},
	number = {n/a},
	urldate = {2020-08-26},
	journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
	author = {Smigielski, Lukasz and Kometer, Michael and Scheidegger, Milan and Stress, Cornelia and Preller, Katrin H. and Koenig, Thomas and Vollenweider, Franz X.},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0] 
\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hbm.25174},
	keywords = {P300, anterior cingulate, connectedness, psilocybin, psychedelic, self, self-referential processing},
}

@misc{noauthor_tdcs_nodate,
	title = {{tDCS} {Montage} {Guide}},
	url = {https://www.tdcs.com/montage-guide},
	abstract = {Every up-to-date tDCS electrode montage out there, with electrode placement instruction using the 10/20 system--along with notes for each montage as well as their respective sources and publications.},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2020-08-20},
	journal = {tDCS.com},
}

@misc{noauthor_brodmann-cortical-areasjpg_nodate,
	title = {Brodmann-{Cortical}-{Areas}.jpg (601×657)},
	url = {https://www.diytdcs.com/media/Brodmann-Cortical-Areas.jpg},
	urldate = {2020-08-11},
}

@misc{noauthor_10-20-system-electrode-distancesjpg_nodate,
	title = {10-20-{System}-{Electrode}-{Distances}.jpg (592×618)},
	url = {https://www.diytdcs.com/media/10-20-System-Electrode-Distances.jpg},
	urldate = {2020-08-11},
}

@misc{noauthor_brainbay_nodate,
	title = {{BrainBay}},
	url = {http://www.shifz.org/brainbay/},
	urldate = {2020-06-30},
}

@article{cohen_analyzing_nodate,
	title = {Analyzing neural time series data: {Theory} and practice},
	language = {en},
	author = {Cohen, Mike X},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000961},
	pages = {11},
}