“Unknowing” as Opportunity Potential

@article{tenenbaum_translational_2019,
	title = {Translational bioinformatics in mental health: open access data sources and computational biomarker discovery},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1477-4054},
	shorttitle = {Translational bioinformatics in mental health},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/bib/article/20/3/842/4662948},
	doi = {10.1093/bib/bbx157},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2021-03-21},
	journal = {Briefings in Bioinformatics},
	author = {Tenenbaum, Jessica D and Bhuvaneshwar, Krithika and Gagliardi, Jane P and Fultz Hollis, Kate and Jia, Peilin and Ma, Liang and Nagarajan, Radhakrishnan and Rakesh, Gopalkumar and Subbian, Vignesh and Visweswaran, Shyam and Zhao, Zhongming and Rozenblit, Leon},
	month = may,
	year = {2019},
	note = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s0]},
	pages = {842--856},
}

@article{han_tolerating_2019,
	title = {Tolerating uncertainty about conceptual models of uncertainty in health care},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {1365-2753},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jep.13110},
	doi = {10.1111/jep.13110},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-10-24},
	journal = {Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice},
	author = {Han, Paul K. J. and Djulbegovic, Benjamin},
	year = {2019},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000004 
\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jep.13110},
	pages = {183--185},
}

@article{van_der_bles_communicating_2019,
	title = {Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {2054-5703, 2054-5703},
	url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.181870},
	doi = {10.1098/rsos.181870},
	abstract = {Uncertainty is an inherent part of knowledge, and yet in an era of contested expertise, many shy away from openly communicating their uncertainty about what they know, fearful of their audience's reaction. But what effect does communication of such epistemic uncertainty have? Empirical research is widely scattered across many disciplines. This interdisciplinary review structures and summarizes current practice and research across domains, combining a statistical and psychological perspective. This informs a framework for uncertainty communication in which we identify three objects of uncertainty—facts, numbers and science—and two levels of uncertainty: direct and indirect. An examination of current practices provides a scale of nine expressions of direct uncertainty. We discuss attempts to codify indirect uncertainty in terms of quality of the underlying evidence. We review the limited literature about the effects of communicating epistemic uncertainty on cognition, affect, trust and decision-making. While there is some evidence that communicating epistemic uncertainty does not necessarily affect audiences negatively, impact can vary between individuals and communication formats. Case studies in economic statistics and climate change illustrate our framework in action. We conclude with advice to guide both communicators and future researchers in this important but so far rather neglected field.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2020-10-14},
	journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
	author = {van der Bles, Anne Marthe and van der Linden, Sander and Freeman, Alexandra L. J. and Mitchell, James and Galvao, Ana B. and Zaval, Lisa and Spiegelhalter, David J.},
	month = may,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {181870},
}

@article{lane_expanding_2019,
	title = {Expanding boundaries in psychiatry: uncertainty in the context of diagnosis-seeking and negotiation},
	shorttitle = {Expanding boundaries in psychiatry},
	journal = {Sociology of Health \& Illness},
	author = {Lane, Rhiannon},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: Wiley Online Library},
	keywords = {ethno, ethnography, identity, medicalisation, mental health services, professional–patient interaction, uncertainty},
}

@article{mackay_multidimensional_2018,
	title = {Multidimensional {Connectomics} and {Treatment}-{Resistant} {Schizophrenia}: {Linking} {Phenotypic} {Circuits} to {Targeted} {Therapeutics}},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1664-0640},
	shorttitle = {Multidimensional {Connectomics} and {Treatment}-{Resistant} {Schizophrenia}},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6218602/},
	doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00537},
	abstract = {Schizophrenia is a very complex syndrome that involves widespread brain multi-dysconnectivity. Neural circuits within specific brain regions and their links to corresponding regions are abnormal in the illness. Theoretical models of dysconnectivity and the investigation of connectomics and brain network organization have been examined in schizophrenia since the early nineteenth century. In more recent years, advancements have been achieved with the development of neuroimaging tools that have provided further clues to the structural and functional organization of the brain and global neural networks in the illness. Neural circuitry that extends across prefrontal, temporal and parietal areas of the cortex as well as limbic and other subcortical brain regions is disrupted in schizophrenia. As a result, many patients have a poor response to antipsychotic treatment and treatment failure is common. Treatment resistance that is specific to positive, negative, and cognitive domains of the illness may be related to distinct circuit phenotypes unique to treatment-refractory disease. Currently, there are no customized neural circuit-specific and targeted therapies that address this neural dysconnectivity. Investigation of targeted therapeutics that addresses particular areas of substantial regional dysconnectivity is an intriguing approach to precision medicine in schizophrenia. This review examines current findings of system and circuit-level brain dysconnectivity in treatment-resistant schizophrenia based on neuroimaging studies. Within a connectome context, on-off circuit connectivity synonymous with excitatory and inhibitory neuronal pathways is discussed. Mechanistic cellular, neurochemical and molecular studies are included with specific emphasis given to cell pathology and synaptic communication in glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. In this review we attempt to deconstruct how augmenting treatments may be applied within a circuit context to improve circuit integration and treatment response. Clinical studies that have used a variety of glutamate receptor and GABA interneuron modulators, nitric oxide-based therapies and a variety of other strategies as augmenting treatments with antipsychotic drugs are included. This review supports the idea that the methodical mapping of system-level networks to both on (excitatory) and off (inhibitory) cellular circuits specific to treatment-resistant disease may be a logical and productive approach in directing future research toward the advancement of targeted pharmacotherapeutics in schizophrenia.},
	urldate = {2021-06-16},
	journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
	author = {MacKay, Mary-Anne B. and Paylor, John W. and Wong, James T. F. and Winship, Ian R. and Baker, Glen B. and Dursun, Serdar M.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	pmid = {30425662},
	pmcid = {PMC6218602},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000006 },
}

@article{rayner_existential_2018,
	title = {Existential {Experimentation}: {Structure} and {Principles} for a {Short}-{Term} {Psychological} {Therapy}},
	volume = {58},
	issn = {0022-1678, 1552-650X},
	shorttitle = {Existential {Experimentation}},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022167816655925},
	doi = {10.1177/0022167816655925},
	abstract = {This article follows and expands upon the description of an intervention that attained promising results with depressed and anxious patients in a feasibility study run in a U.K. primary care setting. This protocol for shortterm existential therapy will also represent the primary reference for training and supervision of an ongoing pilot. The therapeutic approach described here aims to address in a constructive way the issues raised by the topical criticism around the application of the medical model in psychology. At the same time, this article will address the theoretical issues emerging, while trying to describe in a pragmatic way, how to apply an existential and phenomenological approach to low-intensity short-term psychological therapy. This short-term intervention aims to promote a proactive and creative engagement with clients with their personal difficulties and to attain recovery as a result of a greater sense of empowered resilience.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-03-13},
	journal = {Journal of Humanistic Psychology},
	author = {Rayner, Mark and Vitali, Diego},
	month = mar,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {194--213},
}

@article{dunne_embracing_2018,
	title = {Embracing {Uncertainty} to {Enable} {Transformation}: {The} {Process} of {Engaging} in {Trialogue} for {Mental} {Health} {Communities} in {Ireland}},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {1568-4156},
	shorttitle = {Embracing {Uncertainty} to {Enable} {Transformation}},
	url = {http://www.ijic.org/articles/10.5334/ijic.3085/},
	doi = {10.5334/ijic.3085},
	abstract = {Introduction: Community-based participatory approaches are valuable methods for improving outcomes and effectively integrating care among mental health communities. Trialogue is one such approach which uses Open Dialogue methods with groups of three or more people from different backgrounds who deal with mental health systems. Theory and Method: The current study employed a participatory action research design, which prospectively documented the processes and challenges of participating in Trialogue Meetings. Individuals from participating communities took part in interviews, focus groups or Open Dialogue discussions across three cycles of research.
Results: Three prospective themes were identified from participants’ dialogue across the three cycles of research relating to the experience of participating in Trialogue, the development of Open Dialogue skills and the growth of individual Trialogue communities.
Conclusions and Discussion: The findings demonstrate that, where desirable conditions are present, T­ rialogue Meetings are worthwhile and sustainable community-based participatory approaches which encourage disclosure and dialogue surrounding mental health, and may assist in improved integration of care between mental health stakeholders. In particular, Trialogue Meetings stimulate the development of Open Dialogue skills, provide a platform for “vital” and “transformative” self-expression with the ­potential for positive mental health outcomes and may facilitate the growth of communities surrounding mental health.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-03-19},
	journal = {International Journal of Integrated Care},
	author = {Dunne, Simon and MacGabhann, Liam and McGowan, Paddy and Amering, Michaela},
	month = apr,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {Open Dialogue, community-based participatory approach, mental health, trialogue},
	pages = {3},
}

@article{kim_understanding_2018,
	title = {Understanding uncertainty in medicine: concepts and implications in medical education},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {2005-727X},
	shorttitle = {Understanding uncertainty in medicine},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6127608/},
	doi = {10.3946/kjme.2018.92},
	abstract = {In an era of high technology and low trust, acknowledging and coping with uncertainty is more crucial than ever. Medical uncertainty has been considered an innate feature of medicine and medical practice. An intolerance to uncertainty increases physicians’ stress and the effects of burnout and may be a potential threat to patient safety. Understanding medical uncertainty and acquiring proper coping strategies has been regarded to be a core clinical competency for medical graduates and trainees. Integrating intuition and logic and creating a culture that acknowledges medical uncertainty could be suggested ways to teach medical uncertainty. In this article, the authors describe the concepts of medical uncertainty, its influences on physicians and on medical students toward medical decision making, the role of tolerance/intolerance to uncertainty, and proposed strategies to improve coping with medical uncertainty.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2020-03-12},
	journal = {Korean Journal of Medical Education},
	author = {Kim, Kangmoon and Lee, Young-Mee},
	month = sep,
	year = {2018},
	pmid = {30180505},
	pmcid = {PMC6127608},
	keywords = {Heuristics, competenecy-based education, decision making, medical education, uncertainty},
	pages = {181--188},
}

@article{watson_teaching_2017,
	title = {Teaching {Not}-{Knowing}: {Strategies} for {Cultural} {Competence} in {Psychotherapy} {Supervision}},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {1042-9670, 1545-7230},
	shorttitle = {Teaching {Not}-{Knowing}},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40596-016-0552-9},
	doi = {10.1007/s40596-016-0552-9},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2020-04-02},
	journal = {Academic Psychiatry},
	author = {Watson, Priya and Raju, Priya and Soklaridis, Sophie},
	month = feb,
	year = {2017},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000010},
	pages = {55--61},
}

@article{wise_embracing_2017,
	title = {Embracing {Not}-{Knowing}: {Toward} {Narration} and {Humanism} in {Medicine}},
	volume = {80},
	issn = {0033-2747, 1943-281X},
	shorttitle = {Embracing {Not}-{Knowing}},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00332747.2017.1397459},
	doi = {10.1080/00332747.2017.1397459},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2020-03-12},
	journal = {Psychiatry},
	author = {Wise, Joseph E.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {331--334},
}

@article{strauss_uncertainty_2017,
	title = {Uncertainty {Theory}: {A} {Powerful} {Approach} to {Understanding} {Psychiatric} {Disorder}},
	volume = {80},
	issn = {0033-2747, 1943-281X},
	shorttitle = {Uncertainty {Theory}},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00332747.2016.1247623},
	doi = {10.1080/00332747.2016.1247623},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2020-03-12},
	journal = {Psychiatry},
	author = {Strauss, John S.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {301--308},
}

@article{domen_ethics_2016,
	title = {The {Ethics} of {Ambiguity}: {Rethinking} the {Role} and {Importance} of {Uncertainty} in {Medical} {Education} and {Practice}},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {2374-2895, 2374-2895},
	shorttitle = {The {Ethics} of {Ambiguity}},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374289516654712},
	doi = {10.1177/2374289516654712},
	abstract = {Understanding and embracing uncertainty are critical for effective teacher–learner relationships as well as for shared decisionmaking in the physician–patient relationship. However, ambiguity has not been given serious consideration in either the undergraduate or graduate medical curricula or in the role it plays in patient-centered care. In this article, the author examines the ethics of ambiguity and argues for a pedagogy that includes education in the importance of, and tolerance of, ambiguity that is inherent in medical education and practice. Common threads running through the ethics of ambiguity are the virtue of respect, and the development of a culture of respect is required for the successful understanding and implementation of a pedagogy of ambiguity.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-03-12},
	journal = {Academic Pathology},
	author = {Domen, Ronald E.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {ambiguity, ethics, medical education, patient-centered care,, professionalism, respect, uncertainty},
	pages = {237428951665471},
}

@article{greenhalgh_evidence_2014,
	title = {Evidence based medicine: a movement in crisis?},
	volume = {348},
	issn = {0959-8138},
	shorttitle = {Evidence based medicine},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4056639/},
	doi = {10.1136/bmj.g3725},
	abstract = {Trisha Greenhalgh and colleagues argue that, although evidence based medicine has had many benefits, it has also had some negative unintended consequences. They offer a preliminary agenda for the movement’s renaissance, refocusing on providing useable evidence that can be combined with context and professional expertise so that individual patients get optimal treatment},
	urldate = {2021-07-12},
	journal = {The BMJ},
	author = {Greenhalgh, Trisha and Howick, Jeremy and Maskrey, Neal},
	month = jun,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24927763},
	pmcid = {PMC4056639},
	pages = {g3725},
}

@article{lakeman_unknowing_2014,
	title = {Unknowing: {A} potential common factor in successful engagement and psychotherapy with people who have complex psychosocial needs: {Unknowing} in {Mental} {Health} {Care}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {14458330},
	shorttitle = {Unknowing},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/inm.12067},
	doi = {10.1111/inm.12067},
	abstract = {Mental health nurses have a demonstrated capacity to work with people who have complex mental health and social problems in a respectful and non-coercive way for lengthy periods of time. Despite contributing to positive outcomes, nurses are rarely described as possessing psychotherapeutic skills or having advanced knowledge. More often, they are described as being instrumental to medicine, and nurses are socialized into not overstepping their subordinate position relative to medicine by claiming to know too much. Paradoxically, this position of unknowing, when employed mindfully, could be a critical ingredient in fostering therapeutic relationships with otherwise difficultto-engage people. The concept of unknowing is explored with reference to different schools of psychotherapy. Adopting an unknowing stance, that is, not prematurely assuming to know what the person’s problem is, nor the best way to help, might enable a deeper and more authentic understanding of the person’s experience to emerge over time.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2020-03-12},
	journal = {International Journal of Mental Health Nursing},
	author = {Lakeman, Richard},
	month = oct,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {humility, mental health nursing, phenomenology, unknowing},
	pages = {383--388},
}

@article{mohsen_fatemi_virtual_2014,
	title = {Virtual {Aging} and {Langerian} {Psychology} of {Possibility} ({Revisiting} the {Medical} {Disempowering} {Models} of {Aging})},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {23736445},
	url = {https://medcraveonline.com/JPCPY/virtual-aging-and-langerian-psychology-of-possibility-revisiting-the-medical-disempowering-models-of-aging.html},
	doi = {10.15406/jpcpy.2014.01.00016},
	abstract = {The pervasiveness of the medical model of aging and its focus on physical health may have given rise to the assumption that an increase of age would result not only in the loss of youth and liveliness but also in the dissipation of the overall human competencies. This paper indicates how this assumption and similar propositions are embedded in a mindless understanding of health and aging. Drawing on numerous experimental research and findings, the paper argues that an increase of mindfulness would largely contribute to an enhancement of liveliness, health and vivacity.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2020-03-12},
	journal = {Journal of Psychology \& Clinical Psychiatry},
	author = {Mohsen Fatemi, Sayyed},
	month = jul,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Aging, Mindfulness, Mindlessness},
}

@article{kirmayer_embracing_2013,
	title = {Embracing {Uncertainty} as a {Path} to {Competence}: {Cultural} {Safety}, {Empathy}, and {Alterity} in {Clinical} {Training}},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {0165-005X, 1573-076X},
	shorttitle = {Embracing {Uncertainty} as a {Path} to {Competence}},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11013-013-9314-2},
	doi = {10.1007/s11013-013-9314-2},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-03-12},
	journal = {Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry},
	author = {Kirmayer, Laurence J.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	pages = {365--372},
}

@book{taleb_antifragile_2012,
	title = {Antifragile: {Things} {That} {Gain} from {Disorder}},
	isbn = {978-1-4000-6782-4},
	shorttitle = {Antifragile},
	abstract = {Nassim Nicholas Taleb, the bestselling author of The Black Swan and one of the foremost thinkers of our time, reveals how to thrive in an uncertain world.  Just as human bones get stronger when subjected to stress and tension, and rumors or riots intensify when someone tries to repress them, many things in life benefit from stress, disorder, volatility, and turmoil. What Taleb has identified and calls “antifragile” is that category of things that not only gain from chaos but need it in order to survive and flourish.   In The Black Swan, Taleb showed us that highly improbable and unpredictable events underlie almost everything about our world. In Antifragile, Taleb stands uncertainty on its head, making it desirable, even necessary, and proposes that things be built in an antifragile manner. The antifragile is beyond the resilient or robust. The resilient resists shocks and stays the same; the antifragile gets better and better.   Furthermore, the antifragile is immune to prediction errors and protected from adverse events. Why is the city-state better than the nation-state, why is debt bad for you, and why is what we call “efficient” not efficient at all? Why do government responses and social policies protect the strong and hurt the weak? Why should you write your resignation letter before even starting on the job? How did the sinking of the Titanic save lives? The book spans innovation by trial and error, life decisions, politics, urban planning, war, personal finance, economic systems, and medicine. And throughout, in addition to the street wisdom of Fat Tony of Brooklyn, the voices and recipes of ancient wisdom, from Roman, Greek, Semitic, and medieval sources, are loud and clear.  Antifragile is a blueprint for living in a Black Swan world.  Erudite, witty, and iconoclastic, Taleb's message is revolutionary: The antifragile, and only the antifragile, will make it.Praise for Antifragile  “Taleb takes on everything from the mistakes of modern architecture to the dangers of meddlesome doctors and how overrated formal education is. . . . An ambitious and thought-provoking read . . . highly entertaining.”—The Economist“This is a bold, entertaining, clever book, richly crammed with insights, stories, fine phrases and intriguing asides. . . . I will have to read it again. And again.”—The Wall Street Journal“[Taleb] writes as if he were the illegitimate spawn of David Hume and Rev. Bayes, with some DNA mixed in from Norbert Weiner and Laurence Sterne. . . . Taleb is writing original stuff—not only within the management space but for readers of any literature—and . . . you will learn more about more things from this book and be challenged in more ways than by any other book you have read this year. Trust me on this.”—Harvard Business Review“By far my favorite book among several good ones published in 2012. In addition to being an enjoyable and interesting read, Taleb's new book advances general understanding of how different systems operate, the great variation in how they respond to unthinkables, and how to make them more adaptable and agile. His systemic insights extend very well to company-specific operational issues—from ensuring that mistakes provide a learning process to the importance of ensuring sufficient transparency to the myriad of specific risk issues.”—Mohamed El-Erian, CEO of PIMCO, Bloomberg},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Random House},
	author = {Taleb, Nassim Nicholas},
	month = nov,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 5E5o3\_y5TpAC},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Investments \& Securities / Stocks, Philosophy / General, Psychology / General},
}

@article{zembylas_pedagogy_2005,
	title = {A {Pedagogy} of {Unknowing}: {Witnessing} {Unknowability} in {Teaching} and {Learning}},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {0039-3746, 1573-191X},
	shorttitle = {A {Pedagogy} of {Unknowing}},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11217-005-1287-3},
	doi = {10.1007/s11217-005-1287-3},
	abstract = {Using insights from the tradition of via negativa and the work of Emmanuel Levinas, this paper proposes that unknowability can occupy an important place in teaching and learning, a place that embraces the unknowable in general, as well as the unknowable Other, in particular. It is argued that turning toward both via negativa and Levinas offers us an alternative to conceptualizing the roles of the ethical and the unknowable in educational praxis. This analysis can open possibilities to transform how educators think about the goals of education in two important ways. First, creating spaces for embracing unknowing in educational settings is an act of ethical responsibility that recovers a sense of the Other and his/her uniqueness. Second, rethinking the value of unknowing in the classroom may inspire in students and teachers a sense of vigilance, responsibility and witnessing. Unknowing is an act of embracing otherness and presents a curious element of redemption; in the lack of knowledge, the meaning of its absence is found.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-03-12},
	journal = {Studies in Philosophy and Education},
	author = {Zembylas, Michalinos},
	month = mar,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {139--160},
}

@article{gordon_impermanence_2003,
	title = {The {Impermanence} {Of} {Being}: {Toward} {A} {Psychology} {Of} {Uncertainty}},
	volume = {43},
	issn = {0022-1678, 1552-650X},
	shorttitle = {The {Impermanence} {Of} {Being}},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022167802250731},
	doi = {10.1177/0022167802250731},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-04-02},
	journal = {Journal of Humanistic Psychology},
	author = {Gordon, Kerry},
	month = apr,
	year = {2003},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000062},
	pages = {96--117},
}

@incollection{zimbardo_discontinuity_1999,
	title = {Discontinuity {Theory}: {Cognitive} and {Social} {Searches} for {Rationality} and {Normality}—{May} {Lead} to {Madness}},
	volume = {31},
	isbn = {978-0-12-015231-5},
	shorttitle = {Discontinuity {Theory}},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0065260108602762},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-04-02},
	booktitle = {Advances in {Experimental} {Social} {Psychology}},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	author = {Zimbardo, Philip G.},
	year = {1999},
	doi = {10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60276-2},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000052 },
	pages = {345--486},
}

@misc{r_computing_nodate,
	title = {Computing and {Imaging}},
	abstract = {When was the last time you saw an isosurface with error bars or streamlines with standard deviations or volume visualizations with representations of confidence intervals? With few exceptions, visualization research has ignored the visual representation of errors and uncertainty for 3D visualizations. However, if you look at peer-reviewed science and engineering journals, you will see that the majority of 2D graphs represent error and/or uncertainty within the experimental or simulated data. Why the difference? Clearly, if it’s important to represent error and uncertainty in 2D graphs, then it’s equally important to represent error and uncertainty in 2D and 3D visualization. The possible detriment caused by the failure to represent errors and uncertainties in 3D visualizations},
	author = {R, Chris and {Johnson} and R, Allen},
}

@misc{noauthor_visualizing_nodate,
	title = {Visualizing {Uncertainty} {About} the {Future} {\textbar} {Science}},
	url = {https://science.sciencemag.org/content/333/6048/1393.abstract},
	urldate = {2021-07-12},
}

@article{vasudevan_invitation_nodate,
	title = {An {Invitation} to {Unknowing}},
	abstract = {Background/Context: This essay is part of a special issue that emerged from a year-long faculty seminar at Teachers College, Columbia University. The seminar’s purpose was to examine in fresh terms the nexus of globalization, education, and citizenship. Participants came from diverse fields of research and practice, among them art education, comparative education, curriculum and teaching, language studies, philosophy of education, social studies, and technology. They brought to the table different scholarly frameworks drawn from the social sciences and humanities. They accepted invitations to participate because of their respective research interests, all of which touch on education in a globalized world. They were also intrigued by an all-too-rare opportunity to study in seminar conditions with colleagues from different fields, those with whom they might otherwise never interact given the harried conditions of university life today. Participants found the seminar generative in terms of ideas about globalization, education, and citizenship. They also appreciated what, for them, became a novel and rich occasion for professional and personal growth.
Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: At a time when there is increased hybridity in local and global citizenship, language and literacy practices, and performances of cultural identity and affiliation, narrowing of our ways of knowing can detrimentally impact how educators and scholars engage in intellectual inquiry and educational practice. This essay uses the mode of questioning to create a dialogue about the discursive, rhetorical, and even physical postures that educators and scholars might embrace when re-imagining everyday practices of teaching, learning, and research to be open to unexpected trajectories. Questions are woven together with descriptive vignettes of films, excerpts from research studies, personal narratives, and reflective analyses that invoke texts from a wide range of scholarly traditions in order to propose unknowing as a stance through which to engage more fully with and be responsive to a changing world.
Conclusions/Recommendations: Unknowing is proffered as a stance and a lens through which to re-imagine practices associated with educational practice and research to be more open to new ways of knowing. Rather than offering definitive recommendations, this essay concludes with an invitation for the broader educational community, and especially},
	language = {en},
	author = {Vasudevan, Lalitha},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000045},
	pages = {21},
}